


MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



NAME
     mkisofs - create a ISO9660  filesystem  with  optional  Rock
     Ridge attributes and Joliet hybrid data.

SYNOPSIS
     mkisofs [ -abstract FILE ] [ -allow-lowercase ] [   - allow-
     multidot  ] [ -biblio FILE ] [ -b eltorito_boot_image ] [ -B
     sparc_boot_image_list ] [ -G generic_boot_image ] [ -gui ] [
      -C #,# ] [ -hard-disk-boot ] [ -no-emul-boot ] [ -no-boot ]
     [ -boot-load-seg ] [ -boot-load-size ] [ -boot-info-table  ]
     [  -c boot_catalog ] [ -check-oldnames ] [ -copyright FILE ]
     [ -A application_id ] [ -f ] [ -d ] [ -D ] [ -hide glob ] [
     -hide-list file ] [ -hidden glob ] [ -hidden-list file ] [ -
     hide-joliet glob ] [ -hide-joliet-list  file  ]  [   - hide-
     joliet-trans-tbl ] [ -hide-rr-moved ] [ -iso-level level ] [
     -J ] [ -jcharset charset ] [ -l ] [   - L  ]  [   - log-file
     log_file ] [ -max-iso9660-filenames ] [ -M path | device ] [
     -nobak ] [ -no-bak ] [ -no-split-symlink-components ]  [   -
     no-split-symlink-fields  ] [ -pad ] [ -path-list file ] [ -p
     preparer ] [ -print-size ] [ -P publisher ] [ -quiet ] [ - r
     ] [ -R ] [ -relaxed-filenames ] [ -sort sort file ] [ -sysid
     ID ] [ -T | -table-name TABLE_NAME ] [ -ucs-level level ] [
     - use-fileversion ] [ -U ] [ -no-iso-translate ] [ -v ] [ -V
     volid ] [ -volset ID ] [ -volset-size # ] [ -volset-seqno  #
     ]  [  -x path ] [ -exclude-list file ] [ -z ] [ -m glob ] -o
     filename pathspec [pathspec]

DESCRIPTION
     mkisofs is effectively a pre-mastering program  to  generate
     the  iso9660  filesystem  -  it  takes a snapshot of a given
     directory tree, and generates  a  binary  image  which  will
     correspond  to an iso9660 filesystem when written to a block
     device.

     mkisofs is also capable of generating the System Use Sharing
     Protocol  records  specified  by  the Rock Ridge Interchange
     Protocol.  This is used to further describe the files in the
     iso9660  filesystem to a unix host, and provides information
     such as longer filenames, uid/gid,  posix  permissions,  and
     block and character devices.

     Each file written to the  iso9660  filesystem  must  have  a
     filename  in the 8.3 format (8 characters, period, 3 charac-
     ters, all upper case), even if Rock Ridge is in  use.   This
     filename is used on systems that are not able to make use of
     the  Rock  Ridge  extensions  (such  as  MS-DOS),  and  each
     filename  in each directory must be different from the other
     filenames in the same directory.  mkisofs generally tries to
     form  correct  names  by  forcing the unix filename to upper
     case and truncating as required, but often times this yields
     unsatisfactory  results when there are cases where the trun-
     cated names are not all unique.  mkisofs assigns  weightings



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   1






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     to  each  filename,  and if two names that are otherwise the
     same are found the name with the lower priority  is  renamed
     to  have  a 3 digit number as an extension (where the number
     is guaranteed to be unique).  An example of  this  would  be
     the  files  foo.bar  and  foo.bar.~1~ - the file foo.bar.~1~
     would be written as FOO.000;1 and the file foo.bar would  be
     written as FOO.BAR;1

     Note that mkisofs is not designed to  communicate  with  the
     writer directly.  Most writers have proprietary command sets
     which vary from one manufacturer to another, and you need  a
     specialized  tool  to  actually  burn the disk.  The cdwrite
     utility is one such tool that runs under Linux and  performs
     this task.  The latest version of cdwrite is capable of com-
     municating with the Phillips/IMS/Kodak, HP and Yamaha drives
     that  have been manufactured before 1997.  Most writers come
     with some version of DOS software that allows a direct image
     copy of an iso9660 image to the writer.  The current version
     of         cdwrite         is         available         from
     ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/utils/disk-management/cdwrite-
     2.0.tar.gz Note that cdwrite has  not  been  actively  main-
     tained since 1995.

     The cdrecord utility is another utility capable  of  burning
     an actual disc.  The latest version of cdrecord is available
     from  ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord  Cdrecord  is
     under constant development.

     Also you should know that most cd writers are very  particu-
     lar about timing.  Once you start to burn a disc, you cannot
     let their buffer empty before you are done, or you will  end
     up  with  a  corrupt  disc.  Thus it is critical that you be
     able to maintain an uninterrupted data stream to the  writer
     for the entire time that the disc is being written.

     pathspec is the path of the directory tree to be copied into
     the  iso9660  filesystem.   Multiple paths can be specified,
     and mkisofs will merge the files found in all of the  speci-
     fied path components to form the cdrom image.

     It is possible to graft the paths at points other  than  the
     root  directory, and it is possible to graft files or direc-
     tories onto the cdrom image with names different  than  what
     they  have  in  the  source  filesystem.  This is easiest to
     illustrate with a  couple  of  examples.    Let's  start  by
     assuming  that  a local file ../old.lis exists, and you wish
     to include it in the cdrom image.


          foo/bar/=../old.lis

     will  include  the  file  old.lis  in  the  cdrom  image  at



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   2






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     /foo/bar/old.lis, while

          foo/bar/xxx=../old.lis

     will  include  the  file  old.lis  in  the  cdrom  image  at
     /foo/bar/xxx.   The  same  sort  of  syntax can be used with
     directories as well.  mkisofs will  create  any  directories
     required such that the graft points exist on the cdrom image
     - the directories do not need to appear in one of the paths.
     Any  directories  that are created on the fly like this will
     have permissions 0555 and appear to be owned by  the  person
     running mkisofs.  If you wish other permissions or owners of
     the intermediate directories, the  easiest  solution  is  to
     create  real  directories  in  the  path  such  that mkisofs
     doesn't have to invent them.

     mkisofs will also run on Win9X/NT4  machines  when  compiled
     with        Cygnus'       cygwin       (available       from
     http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/). Therefore most refer-
     ences in this man page to Unix can be replaced with Win32.


OPTIONS
     -abstract FILE
          Specifies the abstract file name.  This  parameter  can
          also  be set in the file .mkisofsrc with ABST=filename.
          If specified in both places, the command  line  version
          is used.

     -A application_id
          Specifies a text string that will be written  into  the
          volume  header.   This  should describe the application
          that will be on the disc.  There is space on  the  disc
          for  128 characters of information.  This parameter can
          also be set in the file .mkisofsrc  with  APPI=id.   If
          specified  in  both places, the command line version is
          used.

     -allow-lowercase
          This options allows lower case characters to appear  in
          iso9660 filenames.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work on some systems.  Use with caution.

     -allow-multidot
          This options allows more than  one  dot  to  appear  in
          iso9660  filenames.   A  leading dot is not affected by
          this option, it may be allowed separately using the - L
          option.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work on many systems.  Use with caution.




Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   3






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     -biblio FILE
          Specifies the bibliographic file name.  This  parameter
          can   also   be   set   in  the  file  .mkisofsrc  with
          BIBLO=filename.  If specified in both places, the  com-
          mand line version is used.

     -b eltorito_boot_image
          Specifies the path and filename of the boot image to be
          used  when making an "El Torito" bootable CD. The path-
          name must be relative to the source path  specified  to
          mkisofs. This option is required to make an "El Torito"
          bootable CD.  The boot image must be exactly  the  size
          of  either  a  1.2,  1.44,  or  a  2.88 meg floppy, and
          mkisofs will use this size  when  creating  the  output
          iso9660  filesystem.  It  is assumed that the first 512
          byte sector should be read from the boot image  (it  is
          essentially  emulating  a  normal  floppy drive).  This
          will work, for example, if the boot  image  is  a  LILO
          based boot floppy.

     -B img_sun4,img_sun4c,img_sun4m,img_sun4d,img_sun4e
          Specifies a comma separated list of  boot  images  that
          are  needed  to  make  a bootable CD for sparc systems.
          There may be empty fields in the comma separated  list.
          This  option  is required to make a bootable CD for Sun
          sparc systems.  If the -B or  - sparc-boot  option  has
          been specified, the first sector of the resulting image
          will contain a Sun disk label. This disk  label  speci-
          fies  slice  0  for  the  iso9660 image and slice 1 ...
          slice 7 for the boot images that  have  been  specified
          with  this option. Byte offset 512 ... 8191 within each
          of the additional boot images must  contain  a  primary
          boot that works for the appropriate sparc architecture.
          The rest of each of the images usually contains an  ufs
          filesystem that is used primary kernel boot stage.

          The implemented boot method is the  boot  method  found
          with  SunOS  4.x  and  SunOS 5.x.  However, it does not
          depend on SunOS internals but only on properties of the
          Open  Boot  prom.  For this reason, it should be usable
          for any OS that boots off a sparc system.

          If the special filename ... is used, the actual and all
          following  boot  partitions  are mapped to the previous
          partition. If mkisofs is called with -G image  - B  ...
          all  boot  partitions  are mapped to the partition that
          contains the iso9660 filesystem image and  the  generic
          boot  image  that is located in the first 16 sectors of
          the disk is used for all architectures.

     -G generic_boot_image
          Specifies the path and filename  of  the  generic  boot



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   4






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



          image  to  be  used  when making a generic bootable CD.
          The generic_boot_image will be placed on the  first  16
          sectors of the CD. The first 16 sectors are the sectors
          that are located  before  the  iso9660  primary  volume
          descriptor.  If this option is used together with the -
          sparc-boot option, the Sun disk label will overlay  the
          first 512 bytes of the generic boot image.

     -hard-disk-boot
          Specifies that the boot image used to create  "El  Tor-
          ito"  bootable  CDs is a hard disk image. The hard disk
          image must begin with a master boot  record  that  con-
          tains a single partition.

     -no-emul-boot
          Specifies that the boot image used to create  "El  Tor-
          ito" bootable CDs is a 'no emulation' image. The system
          will load and execute this image without performing any
          disk emulation.

     -no-boot
          Specifies that the created "El  Torito"  CD  should  be
          marked as not bootable. The system will provide an emu-
          lated drive for the image, but will boot off a standard
          boot device.

     -boot-load-seg segment_address
          Specifies the load segment address of  the  boot  image
          for no-emulation "El Torito" CDs.

     -boot-load-size load_sectors
          Specifies the number of "virtual" (512-byte) sectors to
          load  in no-emulation mode.  The default is to load the
          entire boot file.  Some BIOSes  may  have  problems  if
          this is not a multiple of 4.

     -boot-info-table
          Specifies that a 56-byte table with information of  the
          CD-ROM  layout  will  be  patched in at offset 8 in the
          boot file.  If this option is given, the boot  file  is
          modified in the source filesystem, so make sure to make
          a copy if this file cannot be easily regenerated!   See
          the   BOOT INFO TABLE section for a description of this
          table.

     -C last_sess_start,next_sess_start
          This option is needed when mkisofs is  used  to  create
          the image of a second session or a higher level session
          for a multi session disk.  The option -C takes  a  pair
          of  two  numbers separated by a comma. The first number
          is the sector number of the first sector  in  the  last
          session  of  the  disk that should be appended to.  The



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   5






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



          second number is the starting sector number of the  new
          session.  The expected pair of numbers may be retrieved
          by calling cdrecord -msinfo ... the -C option may  only
          be uses in conjunction with the -M option.

     -c boot_catalog
          Specifies the path and filename of the boot catalog  to
          be  used  when  making  an "El Torito" bootable CD. The
          pathname must be relative to the source path  specified
          to  mkisofs. This option is required to make a bootable
          CD.  This file will be inserted into  the  output  tree
          and  not  created  in the source filesystem, so be sure
          the specified filename does not conflict with an exist-
          ing  file,  as it will be excluded. Usually a name like
          "boot.catalog" is chosen.

     -check-oldnames
          Check all filenames imported from old session for  com-
          pliance  with actual mkisofs iso9660 file naming rules.
          It his option is not present, only names with a  length
          > 31 are checked as these files are a hard violation of
          the iso9660 standard.

     -copyright FILE
          Specifies the Copyright file name.  This parameter  can
          also  be set in the file .mkisofsrc with COPY=filename.
          If specified in both places, the command  line  version
          is used.

     -d    Omit trailing period from files that  do  not  have  a
          period.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work on many systems.  Use with caution.

     -D    Do not use deep directory relocation, and instead just
          pack them in the way we see them.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work on many systems.  Use with caution.

     -f    Follow symbolic links when generating the  filesystem.
          When  this option is not in use, symbolic links will be
          entered using Rock Ridge if enabled, otherwise the file
          will be ignored.

     -gui  Switch the behaviour for a GUI. This  currently  makes
          the  output  more verbose but may have other effects in
          future.

     -hide glob
          Hide glob from being seen on the ISO9660 or Rock  Ridge
          directory.   glob  is  a  shell wild-card-style pattern
          that must match any  part  of  the  filename  or  path.



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   6






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



          Multiple globs may be hidden.  If glob matches a direc-
          tory, then the contents of that directory will be  hid-
          den.  All the hidden files will still be written to the
          output CD image file.  Should be used with the  - hide-
          joliet option.

     -hide-list file
          A file containing a list  of  globs  to  be  hidden  as
          above.

     -hidden glob
          Add the hidden (existence) ISO9660 directory  attribute
          for  glob.  This attribute will prevent glob from being
          listed on DOS based systems if the /A flag is not  used
          for  the listing.  glob is a shell wild-card-style pat-
          tern that must match any part of the filename or  path.
          Multiple globs may be hidden.

     -hidden-list file
          A file containing a list of globs  to  get  the  hidden
          attribute as above.

     -hide-joliet glob
          Hide glob from being  seen  on  the  Joliet  directory.
          glob is a shell wild-card-style pattern that must match
          any part of the filename or path.  Multiple  globs  may
          be  hidden.  If glob matches a directory, then the con-
          tents of that directory will be hidden.  All the hidden
          files  will  still  be  written  to the output CD image
          file.  Should be used with the -hide option.

     -hide-joliet-list file
          A file containing a list  of  globs  to  be  hidden  as
          above.

     -hide-joliet-trans-tbl
          Hide the TRANS.TBL files from the Joliet  tree.   These
          files  usually  don't make sense in the Joliet World as
          they list the real name and the ISO9660 name which  may
          both be different from the Joliet name.

     -hide-rr-moved
          Rename the directory RR_MOVED to .rr_moved in the  Rock
          Ridge  tree.   It  seems to be impossible to completely
          hide the RR_MOVED directory from the Rock  Ridge  tree.
          This  option  only  makes  the  visible  tree better to
          understand for people who don't know what  this  direc-
          tory is for.  If you need to have no RR_MOVED directory
          at all, you should use the -D option. Note that in case
          that  the   -D option has been specified, the resulting
          filesystem is not ISO9660 level-1  compliant  and  will
          not be readable on MS-DOS.



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   7






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     -l    Allow  full  31  character  filenames.   Normally  the
          ISO9660 filename will be in an 8.3 format which is com-
          patible with MS-DOS, even though the  ISO9660  standard
          allows  filenames  of  up to 31 characters.  If you use
          this option, the disc may be difficult to use on a  MS-
          DOS  system, but this comes in handy on some other sys-
          tems (such as the Amiga).  Use with caution.

     -iso-level level
          Set the iso9660 conformance level.  Valid  numbers  are
          1..3.

          With level 1,  no  associated  files  are  allowed  and
          filenames are restricted to 8.3 characters.

          With level 2, no associated files are allowed.

          With level 3, no restrictions apply.

          With all iso9660 levels all filenames are restricted to
          upper case letters, numbers and the underscore (_). The
          maximum filename length is restricted to 31 characters,
          the  directory nesting level is restricted to 8 and the
          maximum path length is limited to 255 characters.

     -J    Generate Joliet directory records in addition to regu-
          lar  iso9660 file names.  This is primarily useful when
          the discs are to be used on  Windows-NT  or  Windows-95
          machines.    The  Joliet  filenames  are  specified  in
          Unicode and each path component can be up to 64 Unicode
          characters long.

     -jcharset charset
          Local charset that should be used for translating local
          file  names  into Joliet Unicode directory records.  To
          get a list of valid charset names, call mkisofs -jchar-
          set  help. To get a 1:1 mapping, you may use default as
          charset name. The default initial values are  cp437  on
          DOS  based  systems and iso8859-1 on all other systems.
          If the -jcharset option is specified, the -J option  is
          implied.

     -L    Allow ISO9660 filenames to begin with a period.   Usu-
          ally,  a  leading dot is replaced with an underscore in
          order to maintain MS-DOS compatibility.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work on many systems.  Use with caution.

     -log-file log_file
          Redirect all error, warning and informational  messages
          to log_file instead of the standard error.




Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   8






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     -m glob
          Exclude glob from being written to CDROM.   glob  is  a
          shell  wild-card-style  pattern that must match part of
          the filename (not the path as with option -x).  Techni-
          cally glob is matched against the d->d_name part of the
          directory  entry.   Multiple  globs  may  be  excluded.
          Example:

          mkisofs -o rom -m '*.o' -m core -m foobar

          would exclude all files ending in ".o",  called  "core"
          or "foobar" to be copied to CDROM. Note that if you had
          a directory called "foobar" it too (and of  course  all
          its descendants) would be excluded.

          NOTE: The -m and -x option description should  both  be
          updated,  they  are wrong.  Both now work identical and
          use filename globbing. A file is excluded if either the
          last component matches or the whole path matches.

     -exclude-list file
          A file containing a list of  globs  to  be  exclude  as
          above.

     -max-iso9660-filenames
          Allow 37  chars  in  iso9660  filenames.   This  option
          forces  the  -N option as the extra name space is taken
          from the space reserved for ISO-9660 version numbers.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work  on  many systems.  Although a conforming applica-
          tion needs to provide a buffer space  of  at  least  37
          characters,  disks created with this option may cause a
          buffer overflow in the reading  operating  system.  Use
          with extreme care.

     -M path
          or

     -M device
          Specifies path to existing iso9660 image to be  merged.
          The  alternate  form takes a SCSI device specifier that
          uses the same syntax as the dev= parameter of cdrecord.
          The  output  of  mkisofs  will  be  a new session which
          should get written to the end of the image specified in
          - M.   Typically this requires multi-session capability
          for the recorder and cdrom drive that you are  attempt-
          ing  to  write  this image to.  This option may only be
          used in conjunction with the -C option.

     -N    Omit version numbers from ISO9660 file names.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but no  one  really
          uses the version numbers anyway.  Use with caution.



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                   9






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     -nobak

     -no-bak
          Do not  include  backup  files  files  on  the  iso9660
          filesystem.   If the -no-bak option is specified, files
          that contain the characters '~' or '#' or end in '.bak'
          will  not be included (these are typically backup files
          for editors under unix).

     -no-rr
          Do not use the Rock Ridge attributes from previous ses-
          sions.   This  may  help  to avoid getting into trouble
          when mkisofs finds illegal Rock Ridge signatures on  an
          old session.

     -no-split-symlink-components
          Don't split the SL components, but  begin  a  new  Con-
          tinuation Area (CE) instead. This may waste some space,
          but the SunOS 4.1.4 cdrom driver has a bug  in  reading
          split SL components (link_size = component_size instead
          of link_size += component_size).

     -no-split-symlink-fields
          Don't split the SL fields, but begin a new Continuation
          Area  (CE)  instead. This may waste some space, but the
          SunOS 4.1.4 and Solaris 2.5.1 cdrom driver have  a  bug
          in reading split SL fields (a `/' can be dropped).

     -o filename
          is the name of the file to which the iso9660 filesystem
          image  should  be  written.  This can be a disk file, a
          tape drive, or it can correspond directly to the device
          name  of  the  optical  disc writer.  If not specified,
          stdout is used.  Note that the output  can  also  be  a
          block special device for a regular disk drive, in which
          case the disk partition can be mounted and examined  to
          ensure that the premastering was done correctly.

     -pad  Pad the end of the ISO9660 by 16  sectors  (32kB).  If
          the  total  size  then is not a multiple of 16 sectors,
          the needed number of sectors is added.  If the option -
          B is used, then there is a second padding at the end of
          the boot partitions.

          The padding is neded as many  operating  systems  (e.g.
          Linux)  implement  read  ahead bugs in their filesystem
          I/O. These bugs result in read errors on  one  or  more
          files  that are located at the end of a track. They are
          usually present when the CD is written in Track at Once
          mode or when the disk is written as mixed mode CD where
          an audio track follows the data track.




Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  10






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     -path-list file
          A file containing a list of  pathspec  directories  and
          filenames  to  be added to the ISO9660 filesystem. This
          list of pathspecs are processed after any  that  appear
          on  the  command  line.  If the argument is -, then the
          list is read from the standard input. There must be  at
          least one pathspec given on the command line as well.

     -P publisher_id
          Specifies a text string that will be written  into  the
          volume  header.   This should describe the publisher of
          the CDROM, usually with a  mailing  address  and  phone
          number.   There is space on the disc for 128 characters
          of information.  This parameter can also be set in  the
          file  .mkisofsrc  with  PUBL=.   If  specified  in both
          places, the command line version is used.

     -p preparer_id
          Specifies a text string that will be written  into  the
          volume  header.   This  should describe the preparer of
          the CDROM, usually with a  mailing  address  and  phone
          number.   There is space on the disc for 128 characters
          of information.  This parameter can also be set in  the
          file  .mkisofsrc  with  PREP=.   If  specified  in both
          places, the command line version is used.

     -print-size
          Print estimated filesystem size and exit.  This  option
          is  needed  for  Disk  At  Once mode and with some CD-R
          drives when piping directly into cdrecord. In this case
          it  is needed to know the size of the filesystem before
          the actual CD-creation is done.  The option -print-size
          allows  to get this size from a "dry-run" before the CD
          is actually written.

     -quiet
          This makes mkisofs even less verbose.  No progress out-
          put will be provided.

     -R    Generate SUSP and RR records using the Rock Ridge pro-
          tocol  to  further  describe  the  files on the iso9660
          filesystem.

     -r    This is like the -R option,  but  file  ownership  and
          modes  are  set to more useful values.  The uid and gid
          are set to zero, because they are usually  only  useful
          on  the  author's system, and not useful to the client.
          All the file read bits are set true, so that files  and
          directories  are  globally  readable on the client.  If
          any execute bit is set for a file, set all of the  exe-
          cute  bits, so that executables are globally executable
          on the  client.   If  any  search  bit  is  set  for  a



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  11






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



          directory,  set  all of the search bits, so that direc-
          tories are globally  searchable  on  the  client.   All
          write  bits  are  cleared,  because  the CD-Rom will be
          mounted read-only in any case.  If any of  the  special
          mode  bits  are set, clear them, because file locks are
          not useful on a read-only file system, and set-id  bits
          are  not  desirable  for  uid 0 or gid 0.  When used on
          Win32, the execute bit is set on all files. This  is  a
          result of the lack of file permissions on Win32 and the
          Cygwin POSIX emulation layer.

     -relaxed-filenames
          The option -relaxed-filenames allows ISO9660  filenames
          to include digits, uppercase characters and all other 7
          bit ASCII characters (resp. anything  except  lowercase
          characters).
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work on many systems.  Use with caution.

     -sort sort file
          Sort file locations on the media. Sorting is controlled
          by  a file that contains pairs of filenames and sorting
          offset weighting.  If the weighting is higher, the file
          will  be  located closer to the beginning of the media,
          if the weighting is lower, the  file  will  be  located
          closer to the end of the media.

     -sysid ID
          Specifies the system ID.  This parameter  can  also  be
          set  in  the  file  .mkisofsrc with SYSI=system_id.  If
          specified in both places, the command line  version  is
          used.

     -T    Generate a file TRANS.TBL in  each  directory  on  the
          CDROM, which can be used on non-Rock Ridge capable sys-
          tems to help establish the correct file  names.   There
          is  also information present in the file that indicates
          the major and minor numbers  for  block  and  character
          devices, and each symlink has the name of the link file
          given.

     -table-name TABLE_NAME
          Alternative translation table file  name  (see  above).
          Implies  the   -T option.  If you are creating a multi-
          session image you must use the same name as in the pre-
          vious session.

     -ucs-level level
          Set Unicode conformance level in the  Joliet  SVD.  The
          default  level  is 3.  It may be set to 1..3 using this
          option.




Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  12






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     -use-fileversion
          The option -use-fileversion allows mkisofs to use  file
          version  numbers from the filesystem.  If the option is
          not specified, mkisofs creates a version if 1  for  all
          files.   File  versions  are strings in the range ;1 to
          ;32767 This option is the default on VMS.

     -U    Allows "Untranslated" filenames, completely  violating
          the  iso9660 standards described above. Forces on the -
          d, -l, -L, -N and - no-iso-translate  flags,  and  also
          allows  more than one '.' character in the filename, as
          well as mixed case filenames.  This is useful on  HP-UX
          system,  where  the  built-in  CDFS filesystem does not
          recognize ANY extensions. Use with extreme caution.

     -no-iso-translate
          Do not translate the characters '#' and '~'  which  are
          invalid  for  iso9660  filenames.  These characters are
          though invalid often used by Microsoft systems.
          This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it  happens  to
          work on many systems.  Use with caution.

     -V volid
          Specifies the volume ID (volume name or  label)  to  be
          written into the master block.  This parameter can also
          be set in the file .mkisofsrc with VOLI=id.  If  speci-
          fied  in both places, the command line version is used.
          Note that if you assign a volume ID, this is  the  name
          that  will  be  used  as  the  mount  point used by the
          Solaris volume management system and the name  that  is
          assigned to the disc on a Windows or Mac platform.

     -volset ID
          Specifies the volset ID.  This parameter  can  also  be
          set  in  the  file  .mkisofsrc with VOLS=volset_id.  If
          specified in both places, the command line  version  is
          used.

     -volset-size #
          Sets the volume set size to #.  The volume set size  is
          the  number of CD's that are in a CD set.  The -volset-
          size option may be used to create CD's that are part of
          e.g.  a Operation System installation set of CD's.  The
          option -volset-size must be specified before  - volset-
          seqno on each command line.

     -volset-seqno #
          Sets the volume set sequence number to #.   The  volume
          set  sequence number is the index number of the current
          CD in a CD set.  The option -volset-size must be speci-
          fied before -volset-seqno on each command line.




Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  13






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     -v    Verbose execution. If given twice on the command line,
          extra debug information will be printed.

     -x path
          Exclude path from being written to CDROM.  path must be
          the  complete  pathname that results from concatenating
          the pathname given as command  line  argument  and  the
          path relative to this directory.  Multiple paths may be
          excluded.  Example:

          mkisofs -o cd -x /local/dir1 -x /local/dir2 /local

          NOTE: The -m and -x option description should  both  be
          updated,  they  are wrong.  Both now work identical and
          use filename globbing. A file is excluded if either the
          last component matches or the whole path matches.

      - z    Generate  special  SUSP  records  for  transparently
          compressed files.  This is only of use and interest for
          hosts that support transparent decompression.  This  is
          an experimental feature, and no hosts yet support this,
          but there are ALPHA patches for Linux that can make use
          of this feature.

BOOT INFORMATION TABLE
     When the -boot-info-table  option  is  given,  mkisofs  will
     modify the boot file specified by the -b option by inserting
     a 56-byte "boot information table" at offset 8 in the  file.
     This  modification is done in the source filesystem, so make
     sure you use a copy if this file is  not  easily  recreated!
     This file contains pointers which may not be easily or reli-
     ably obtained at boot time.

     The format of this table is as follows; all integers are  in
     section 7.3.1 ("little endian") format.

       Offset    Name           Size      Meaning
        8        bi_pvd         4 bytes   LBA of primary volume descriptor
       12        bi_file        4 bytes   LBA of boot file
       16        bi_length      4 bytes   Boot file length in bytes
       20        bi_csum        4 bytes   32-bit checksum
       24        bi_reserved    40 bytes  Reserved

     The 32-bit checksum is the sum of all the  32-bit  words  in
     the  boot file starting at byte offset 64.  All linear block
     addresses (LBAs) are given  in  CD  sectors  (normally  2048
     bytes).

CONFIGURATION
     mkisofs looks for the .mkisofsrc file, first in the  current
     working  directory,  then  in the user's home directory, and
     then in the directory in which the mkisofs binary is stored.



Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  14






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     This  file  is  assumed  to contain a series of lines of the
     form TAG=value, and in this  way  you  can  specify  certain
     options.   The  case  of  the  tag is not significant.  Some
     fields in the volume header are not settable on the  command
     line,  but  can  be altered through this facility.  Comments
     may be placed in this file, using lines which start  with  a
     hash (#) character.

     APPI The application identifier should describe the applica-
          tion  that  will be on the disc.  There is space on the
          disc for 128 characters of information.  May  be  over-
          ridden using the -A command line option.

     COPY The copyright information, often the name of a file  on
          the  disc  containing  the  copyright notice.  There is
          space in the disc for  37  characters  of  information.
          May  be  overridden  using  the -copyright command line
          option.

     ABST The abstract information, often the name of a  file  on
          the disc containing an abstract.  There is space in the
          disc for 37 characters of information.  May be overrid-
          den using the -abstract command line option.

     BIBL The bibliographic information, often the name of a file
          on  the disc containing a bibliography.  There is space
          in the disc for 37 characters of information.   May  be
          overridden using the -bilio command line option.

     PREP This should describe the preparer of the CDROM, usually
          with  a  mailing  address  and  phone number.  There is
          space on the disc for 128  characters  of  information.
          May be overridden using the -p command line option.

     PUBL This should describe the publisher of the  CDROM,  usu-
          ally with a mailing address and phone number.  There is
          space on the disc for 128  characters  of  information.
          May be overridden using the -P command line option.

     SYSI The System Identifier.  There is space on the disc  for
          32  characters of information.  May be overridden using
          the -sysid command line option.

     VOLI The Volume Identifier.  There is space on the disc  for
          32  characters of information.  May be overridden using
          the -V command line option.

     VOLS The Volume Set Name.  There is space on  the  disc  for
          128 characters of information.  May be overridden using
          the -volset command line option.





Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  15






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



     mkisofs can also be configured at compile time with defaults
     for many of these fields.  See the file defaults.h.

AUTHOR
     mkisofs is not based on the standard mk*fs tools  for  unix,
     because  we  must  generate  a complete  copy of an existing
     filesystem on a disk in the  iso9660 filesystem.   The  name
     mkisofs  is  probably a bit of a misnomer, since it not only
     creates the filesystem, but it also populates it as well.

     Eric Youngdale <ericy@gnu.ai.mit.edu> or  <eric@andante.org>
     wrote  both  the  Linux isofs9660 filesystem and the mkisofs
     utility.  The copyright for the mkisofs utility is  held  by
     Yggdrasil Computing, Incorporated.

NOTES
     Mkisofs may safely be  installed  suid  root.  This  may  be
     needed  to  allow  mkisofs to read the previous session when
     creating a multi session image.

BUGS
     o     Any files that have hard links to  files  not  in  the
          tree  being  copied to the iso9660 filesystem will have
          an incorrect file reference count.

     o     Does not check for SUSP record(s) in "." entry of  the
          root  directory  to  verify the existence of Rock Ridge
          enhancements.

          This problem is present when reading old sessions while
          adding data in multi-session mode.

      o     Does  not  properly  read  relocated  directories  in
          multi-session mode when adding data.

          Any relocated deep directory is lost if the new session
          does not include the deep directory.

          Repeat by: create first  session  with  deep  directory
          relocation  then add new session with a single dir that
          differs from the old deep path.

     o     Does not re-use RR_MOVED when doing multi-session from
          TRANS.TBL

     o     Does not  create  whole_name  entry  for  RR_MOVED  in
          multi-session mode.

     There may be some other ones.  Please, report  them  to  the
     author.





Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  16






MKISOFS(8)           Maintenance Procedures            MKISOFS(8)



FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
     Some sort of gui interface.

AVAILABILITY
     mkisofs is available as part of the  cdrecord  package  from
     ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/

MAILING LISTS
     If you want to actively take  part  on  the  development  of
     mkisofs,  you may join the cdwriting mailing list by sending
     mail to:

               other-cdwrite-request@lists.debian.org

     and include the  word  subscribe  in  the  body.   The  mail
     address of the list is:

               cdwrite@lists.debian.org


MAINTAINER
     Joerg Schilling
     Seestr. 110
     D-13353 Berlin
     Germany

     Mail bugs and suggestions to:

     schilling@fokus.gmd.de     or     js@cs.tu-berlin.de      or
     joerg@schily.isdn.cs.tu-berlin.de

























Version 1.12.1     Last change: 26 April 2000                  17



